![]() In Neyshabur City he destroyed every living thing, pillaging, burning and looting his way across Central Asia to Azarbaijan in Iran. In the 13th century, Iraq fell under the bloody rule of Genghis Khan. The predominantly Christian Iraqis were forced to convert and fight form Islam, under ‘the battle of the Chains’, the Persians soldiers were chained together so they couldn’t flee, giving the ultimatum ‘Accept the faith and you are safe otherwise pay tribute.’ The Anarchy of Mongol Capture The land fell to the nomadic Persians and later Alexander the Great. In 7th century BC, the land of Iraq became part of the Arab Muslim world. ![]() The fearsome martial Assyrians, referred to in the Book of Genesis, who conquered Mesopotamia around the 10th to 7th century BC turned to the stars and developed sophisticated astrological divination. Great development were made in mathematics, characterised by a passion for lists and the first algorithms. The Old Babylonian Bronze Ageĭuring the Bronze age 2000BC, known as the Old Babylonian Era, Babylon became the Principle city of the kingdom. Persian poetry includes a story of a great flood and the wise man who survived by building an Ark, a clear link to the story of Noah which permeates all the Monotheistic religions, was cultivated here. Here, the Sumerian Civilization flourished, developing literature like the epic Gilgamesh poem. Women were highly respected in this matriarchal society and everyone, even the King, was at the level of bartering for goods with no inflicted hierarchy of state, all property was private. This was the first Commerce driven society where the world’s first banks, operating from temples and palaces, kept safe deposits of grain and valuables. Mud brick or reed houses were grouped in villages with granary stores, using an early token system to record trade. Hunter gatherer methods of Neanderthal man were replaced with growing crops and tending sheep. The conflict of the unpredictable rivers of floods and the richness of the valleys attracted migrants who were able to grow surplus foods and so here began the first agricultural revolution some 10,000 years ago. Life in the green valley was extreme – flood, storm, dust, disease and death were all recorded. Mesopotamia was the land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, a fertile oasis in an otherwise inhospitable land the size of modern Iraq. ![]()
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